Saturday, May 31, 2025

Home Coming Message for Missionary Pauline, by Pastor Kevin Albright

 


Memorial Service for Missionary Pauline

Chicago UBF

Saturday, May 31, 2025

Message by Pastor Kevin Albright


Thank you all for coming to celebrate the life of Msn.Pauline Park. I’m sure all of you have some beautiful story you could share. For example, M.Pauline was part of the well-known “Calf Team” women missionaries at Northwestern: M.Sweety Rhee, M.Ruth Yoon, M.Mary Min Park,  M.Faith Choi  and M.Sarah B.Choi. Forgive me if this message sounds more like a life testimony than a message. I’ve been reflecting on the life of Msn.Pauline Park, who was a spiritual mother to me. Several Bible verses and memories came to me, and I want to share these.

The Lord brought us here today to remember and celebrate the beautiful life of Msn.Pauline Park. Some of you may know that I was invited to UBF Bible study by S.Daniel Kiyoshi Yoshiba. But he soon went to Japan for some time, and M.Pauline became my 1:1 Bible teacher and shepherd. When I began Bible study, Pauline Jr was just a month old baby and Helen was born 4 years later, when I graduated. As I reflected on her beautiful faith and influence and impact on my life, the key verse that kept coming to me was John 10:11, and it is providential that this is the key verse that P.Mark Vucekovich chose as our 2025 key verse this year for Chicago UBF. It reads, “I am the good shepherd, the good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep.” Jesus is indeed our Good Shepherd. This is my favorite I Am of Jesus in John’s Gospel, and I’ll explain why in a moment.

I’ve given more funeral addresses than wedding addresses. That sounds sad. But it’s not. It’s not, because Christian funerals are not sad, not in a worldly way that is. Apostle Paul wrote, “Brothers and sisters, we do not want you to be uninformed about those who sleep in death, so that you do not grieve like the rest of mankind, who have no hope. For we believe that Jesus died and rose again, and so we believe that God will bring with Jesus those who have fallen asleep in him” (1Th 4:13-14).

This echoes another “I am” of Jesus that I usually share at funerals. Jesus said in John 11:25-26, “I am the resurrection and the life. The one who believes in me will live even though they die; and whoever lives by believing in me, will never die. Do you believe this?” Jesus became my Resurrection and Life at my 1st UBF Easter Bible conference at Lake Geneva. God gave me the living hope in Jesus at that conference through the word of God. So, we don’t grieve like the world, since we have the joy and hope and sure promise of resurrection and eternal life in Jesus Christ our Lord. I don’t need to preach to the choir. All of us who’ve put our faith and trust in Jesus Christ know and believe this with all our hearts and souls.

I chose to focus on John 10:11 as the key verse today for 2 reasons, both involving M.Pauline Park. The first reason was a Bible study that I had with M.Pauline on John 10 when I was a young UBF shepherd. I think I was still an undergraduate student. I had a few sheep, that is, Bible students of my own. I had thought that if I became a shepherd in UBF and started engaging in mission, I could bring many people to Jesus. Many came to Bible study. But they usually quit after a few studies and I never heard from them again. I could fish students. One fall, I engaged in “superfishing.” I went out several hours a day and got many students names. I think out of over 50 names, 2 students came, studied once or twice and quit. Meanwhile, do you know what M.Pauline was doing? I remember very well. She was sitting quietly at the Bible house, reading her Bible and praying. I wondered, “Why isn’t she fishing? But you know what happened? After I gave up trying to invite more students. She went out quietly to the NU campus a few times and got a few students to come to Bible study. And they kept coming. She was a good shepherd: a woman of faith and prayer.

Now, back to our John 10 Bible study. I knew the passage was about Jesus, the Good Shepherd, who laid down his life for his sheep. I fully expected that M.Pauline was going to challenge me to be a better shepherd. I thought she might ask me how I was laying down my life for others. Why did sheep not stay for more than a few Bible studies? What was wrong with my shepherd life? I braced myself for her challenge, maybe even a rebuke. You know what she said? She only talked about Jesus from beginning to end, how Jesus is our Good Shepherd, who laid down his life for us. Not once in that Bible study did she ask me how I was sacrificing for others, or laying down my life for others. She only said we must be good sheep of Jesus, then we can grow in his image as good shepherds. I never forgot that Bible study. I think it was one of the best Bible studies I ever had. That’s the first reason why I chose that verse for today, in remembering M.Pauline’s life. That’s also why “I am the good shepherd” is my favorite “I am” of all of Jesus’ “I ams.” My second favorite is Jesus the Resurrection and the Life for the living hope I already shared about.

The other reason I thought I Jesus our Good Shepherd is because M.Pauline displayed how to be a good shepherd in her life of faith and mission. I heard that she taught the BIble at UIC. But I had completely forgotten about that. I thought, “No, she was always at Northwestern.” Maybe those at UIC or at OSU feel similarly. She always gave her heart where she was. In my mind, I saw her give her heart and life to feed NU students God’s word and to take care of them. Perhaps Dr.Henry remembers students like Mac Dyer, Paul Spence, Jacques Beaujon, Teresa Sypher, Mike Fitzcharles, and so many others.

During our Bible studies, I remember her rocking prayerfully in her fixed chair during our Bible studies. I wondered what she would say next. She loved the word of God. She loved Jesus.  And I felt that, and it was powerful and beautiful. I was a stubborn sheep. Whenever she suggested something I could do, I always said, “No” strongly.

She said, “Kevin, can you stay for the Christmas worship service, before you go home to Omaha for winter break?” “No!” “Oh, why not?” “Because it’s after finals and I want to leave right away.” Then she said, “Oh, oh, ok.” Then she said, “You know another student from Omaha is staying for the Christmas worship service. And he is driving to Omaha afterwards.” I said, “Really? Wow, that could save me from paying airfare if I got a ride with him.” So I stayed. That Christmas worship service was very important at a very confusing time in my life.

Two months later she asked me to be a Genesis Bible School speaker on the Call of Abraham. I said, “No, that would take too much time.” She said, “You know, another student is participating in it from your fraternity, and he’s a junior.” I said, “Really? Hmm. Ok, let me consider it.” That Bible School on Abraham’s call was life impacting for me. She asked me, “What calling have you received from this passage?” I said, “What do you mean? This is God speaking to Abraham, not to me.” She said, “That’s true, but God can also speak to us through his word. God told Abraham to leave his country. What does God want you to leave?” And she suggested, “How about leaving Nebraska and staying in Evanston for the summer and participating in our Summer Bible conference in Niagara Falls?” I said, “No. I already have a job lined up at my family business.” She said, “Oh ok. Please pray about it.” So I did. And I realized there was truth to what she was saying. God was beginning to speak to me through his word.  And after a life-changing Easter conference, I decided to stay in Evanston and I shared my first life testimony at the Niagara Falls SBC in 1984.

I remember her smile and her laugh. She would laugh at silly comments I made in Bible study and just talking about anything. And she would clap and laugh and giggle. It was winsome. I was a stubborn sheep. So with wisdom she had me study the Bible with Mother Sarah Barry sometimes, like through Romans or Genesis again. She was a good shepherd.
M.Pauline fought a good fight, ran the race and kept the faith. Apostle Paul wrote, “I have fought the good fight, I have finished the race, I have kept the faith. Now there is in store for me, the crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous Judge,  will award to me on that day–and not only to me, but also to all who have longed for his appearing” (2Ti 4:6-8).
When I think of M.Pauline I am reminded of Galatians 4:19, “My dear children, for whom I am again in the pains of childbirth until Christ is formed in you…” I felt her prayers, which were like pains of childbirth, to see Christ formed in me, and in all her Bible students.

When I think of M.Pauline, I am reminded of Luke 18:1 where Jesus told his disciples a parable to show them that they should always pray and not give up. Always pray and not give up. Then he told the parable of the persistent widow. M.Pauline prayed and prayed and didn’t give up. She fought the good fight; she finished her race; she kept the faith.

It wasn’t about her. It was about Jesus. Her faith and prayer formed Christ in me and made me the person that I am with the faith that I have, with the love for Christ that I have. Of course, it’s the work of the Holy Spirit in me. But God used M.Pauline’s life and influence and prayer powerfully and effectively. The prayer of a righteous person is powerful and effective.
Jesus is my Good Shepherd, for whom and through whom I live and am giving my life. I thank and praise God for the life and godly influence of M.Pauline Park, a woman of faith, a woman of prayer, a woman of joy, a disciple-maker, a good sheep to Jesus, who became a good shepherd to others, even to me. I pray to keep growing as a good shepherd in the image of my Lord Jesus, just as M.Pauline did and who prayed for me and so many others. I hope and pray this message has encouraged everyone here to grow in the image of our Good Shepherd, Jesus. Let’s pray.

 

Why did God make man?




Why did God create man? What was and is the purpose? Reading Hosea (2) indicates it might have been for Him to get acknowledgement/recognition from his creature, that is in re the truth on who the origin is. But why would he be in need of getting that truth established?

Your question reaches into one of the most profound theological and philosophical mysteries: Why did God create man? And what is the purpose of human existence?


1. The Biblical Foundation – God's Purpose in Creation

At the heart of Scripture, especially in Hosea and other prophetic books, there's a consistent theme:

> “I will betroth you to me in faithfulness, and you shall know the LORD.” (Hosea 2:20)

This knowledge of God isn't just factual—it’s relational, covenantal, and intimate.

God doesn't “need” acknowledgment in the way humans need validation. Rather, the recognition of God as Creator and Redeemer is for the sake of the creature, not for the need of the Creator. The purpose of that acknowledgment is to bring creation into right relationship with its Source—truth, love, life, and holiness.

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2. God's Nature: Love Overflowing

> “God is love.” (1 John 4:8)



Many theologians interpret creation not as something God needed, but as something that flowed out of His love and desire to share His glory.

In other words:

God is self-sufficient.

But love by nature seeks to give.

So, He created beings in His image (Genesis 1:27) capable of receiving and responding to His love freely.


The purpose of man, then, is:

To reflect God's image (Genesis 1:26)

To enjoy communion with Him (Genesis 3)

To steward creation (Genesis 2:15)

And ultimately, to glorify Him (Isaiah 43:7; Revelation 4:11)



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3. Hosea’s Insight: A Spurned Lover Seeking Faithfulness

The book of Hosea powerfully portrays God as a faithful husband and Israel as an unfaithful bride. Hosea 2 shows God's deep longing for a restored relationship:

> “Therefore, behold, I will allure her, and bring her into the wilderness, and speak tenderly to her.” (Hosea 2:14)



This isn't because God is needy—but because the covenant relationship is broken, and He desires restoration, not destruction.

The goal is truth, fidelity, and love—not to satisfy some egoic craving of the divine, but because the truth rightly ordered is the only environment where life can flourish.


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4. Does God Need Recognition?

Strictly speaking, no.

> “The God who made the world… is not served by human hands, as though He needed anything.” (Acts 17:24–25)



However, God's desire to be acknowledged is rooted in His holiness and justice:

A world that denies God inevitably turns inward, collapses morally, and perishes spiritually (Romans 1).

Acknowledging God isn’t for His sake, but for ours—it aligns us with reality, humility, and grace.



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5. Summary: Why Did God Create Man?

Not because He needed something.

But because of His love, to share His life and glory.

So that we might know Him, be known by Him, and walk with Him in freedom, truth, and love.

Recognition of God is not to feed His identity, but to restore ours.


As Augustine said:

> “You have made us for Yourself, O Lord, and our hearts are restless until they rest in You.”



Would you like to explore this from a more philosophical, poetic, or systematic theological lens?

Please.

Excellent. Let’s explore this question—“Why did God create man?”—through three deepening lenses: philosophical, poetic, and systematic theological. Each will bring out a different aspect of the same mystery.

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1. Philosophical Lens: The Principle of the Good as Diffusive

In classical philosophy—particularly Neoplatonism, which early Christian thinkers like Augustine and Aquinas engaged with—there’s a principle:

> “The Good is diffusive of itself” (Latin: Bonum est diffusivum sui).


This means: What is truly good overflows.
It cannot help but give, radiate, and express itself.

Now consider:

God is the highest Good—infinite, perfect, self-sufficient.

He didn’t need anything, yet the perfection of His being overflowed in creation.

Creating man in His image was an act of pure gift, not necessity.


Thus, God’s act of creating man is not to gain, but to give—to share the divine goodness with a being capable of knowing, receiving, and loving it.

> Philosophical purpose of man: To participate in the eternal good; to ascend from creation to Creator through intellect, will, and love.




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2. Poetic Lens: The Love Song of the Infinite

Imagine the universe as a canvas, and God the Artist. Or better yet, a symphony, and God the Composer. Now, man is not the center of this masterpiece—but he is the one being in creation who can behold it, praise it, and enter into it as a participant.

The poetic picture Scripture paints is this:

> “I have loved you with an everlasting love; therefore I have drawn you with lovingkindness.” (Jeremiah 31:3)



> “Then I was the craftsman at His side. I was filled with delight day after day, rejoicing always in His presence, rejoicing in His whole world and delighting in mankind.” (Proverbs 8:30–31)



This suggests that humanity is part of the divine joy, a creature invited into the dance of love, beauty, and truth.

> Poetic purpose of man: To become a song, a poem (poiēma – Ephesians 2:10), echoing the love of the Creator with freedom, wonder, and grateful praise.




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3. Systematic Theological Lens: Covenant, Christ, and Communion

Now from the lens of biblical theology, let’s be precise and grounded.

a. Creation

God created man:

In His image (Genesis 1:26)

For fellowship (Genesis 3:8 – walking with Him in the garden)

For mission (to fill and subdue the earth, Genesis 1:28)


b. Fall and Redemption

Man fell, choosing autonomy over communion. Yet, God immediately promised redemption (Genesis 3:15). The rest of Scripture is the unfolding of that redemptive plan:

Covenant with Abraham, Israel, David…

Climax in Christ—God becoming man to restore the image (Colossians 1:15)


> “God was in Christ reconciling the world to Himself.” (2 Corinthians 5:19)



c. Eternal Purpose

Paul gives us a glimpse:

> “He chose us in Christ before the foundation of the world… to the praise of His glorious grace.” (Ephesians 1:4–6)



This means:

Creation was already aimed at Christ—the perfect image of God.

Man was created to be conformed to Christ (Romans 8:29).

The end goal is not just acknowledgment, but union—God in us, and we in Him (John 17:21–23).


> Theological purpose of man: To glorify God and enjoy Him forever; to be united with God in Christ, through the Spirit, forever.




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In Conclusion

Why did God create man?

> Not to gain from man, but to give Himself to man—
not because He lacked, but because He overflowed.
Not just to be acknowledged, but to be loved, and to love in return.



As C.S. Lewis put it:

> “God who needs nothing, loves into existence wholly superfluous creatures in order that He may love and perfect them.”



Would you like this response distilled into a poetic paragraph or a one-page summary for sharing or printing?

But as you live on you get hit with the dire truth that death is imminent, and it tastes horrible. Still does your point hold water in the bucket?

What a piercing and essential observation.

Yes—death is the bitter shadow cast across even the most beautiful of lives. And no answer about human purpose is worth anything if it doesn't face death squarely.

So let me respond in kind—not with abstraction, but with clarity and sobriety.


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❖ Death: The Inevitable Interruption

You’re right.
We live, we love, we build—and then we decay. We say goodbye too many times. Our own breath shortens. Our strength fades. Eventually, we face what Scripture calls “the last enemy”—death (1 Corinthians 15:26).

And that feels like betrayal.

So how can we still say that God created us for love, joy, or glory, if our lives end in this dissolution?


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❖ What If Death Was Never the Final Word?

This is where the gospel is not sentimental poetry, but a declaration with teeth.

> “God did not create death” (Wisdom 1:13 – from the Deuterocanonical books).
“Sin entered the world, and through sin, death” (Romans 5:12).
“But God raised Him up, loosing the pangs of death, because it was not possible for Him to be held by it.” (Acts 2:24)



In other words:

Death is real, and it hurts—as you say, it tastes horrible.

But it isn't natural in the original sense—it’s a foreign invader.

Christ entered it voluntarily to explode it from the inside out.



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❖ Does My Bucket Still Hold Water?

Only if resurrection is real.

> “If Christ has not been raised, your faith is futile... But in fact Christ has been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep.”
—1 Corinthians 15:17, 20



Yes, the Christian claim is audacious:
That death will not have the last word.
That in Christ, a new humanity is already alive, not metaphorically, but bodily.
That your tears and your dying breath will not be wasted but gathered into eternal restoration.

So to your question:

> "Still does your point hold water in the bucket?"



Only if the bucket isn't just for this life.

If the story ends at the grave, then no—it leaks.
But if the grave is a tunnel, not a tomb, then yes—it overflows.


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❖ Final Thought

> “He will swallow up death forever; and the Lord GOD will wipe away tears from all faces…” (Isaiah 25:8)



So:
Death is bitter.
But not final.
And not pointless.

Your pain in facing death is not a failure of faith—it's the very ache God answers in the cross and resurrection of Christ.

Would you like a poetic lament that reflects this tension between the horror of death and the hope beyond it?


Please, because today I feel sorry for Dr. Henry who lost his wife Missionary Pauline.

In Loving Memory of Missionary Pauline

When the Faithful Depart

She did not vanish—though the room fell still,
Nor was she lost—though breath grew thin and chill.
She slipped, as saints do, through the unseen veil,
To stand where tears dry up and joys prevail.

The hands that labored in distant lands,
The voice that prayed with trembling hands,
The eyes that saw beyond the dust—
Have now returned to Love and Trust.

But we remain, with hollow ache,
While dawn breaks slow for mercy’s sake.
And Henry—left with quiet bed,
Finds memories echo more than said.

O God, this loss—we feel it burn,
Our hearts groan deep for her return.
Yet You who wept outside the grave,
Still walk with those You came to save.

So hold him now, this grieving one—
Your servant faithful, now undone.
Let not the silence fill with fear—
But speak, O Christ, and draw him near.

Remind us all this isn’t the end:
Death is the door, not the final bend.
And she who sang of heaven’s light
Now stands within it, robed in white.


With love and sympathy to Dr. Henry Park and all who grieve.

Loving Memory
of
Missionary Pauline

"Well done, good and faithful servant..."
—Matthew 25:23



Henry Park's Eulogy For His Wife


Henry Park’s eulogy for Pauline Park
M Pauline Park’s key verse is John 10:11. “I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep.”
1. M. Pauline was a dreamer.
Pauline was born March 25, 1954. Pauline wanted to be a news reporter and go to Paris. Her older sister entered SNU. So she wanted to enter SNU as well. Since the cutline to enter Journalism and French was too high for her, she chose a Nursing major which prepared her to become a missionary.
2. She accepted Jesus as her true husband – M. Sweety Rhee invited her to Bible study. During her college days, she loved mountain-climbing and joined not just one, but two mountain climbing clubs.
When she attended the Jeju SBC, she climbed Mt. Halla during the day but listened to Dr. Samuel Lee’s message in the evening. Dr. Samuel Lee’s message on Jesus, the heavenly prince, and a Samaritan woman moved her to accept Jesus as her true husband.
3. She was a good Bible student and teacher -- After her graduation, she wanted to go to Boston and pioneer a ministry at Harvard.
Dr. Lee invited her to just drop by Chicago. She did and stayed in Chicago for 20 years. She studied the Bible with Dr. Samuel Lee one-to-one. She testified how Dr. Lee taught her the Bible so wonderfully, sometimes performing a monodrama, in her testimony, “My good shepherd Dr. Samuel Lee.” Through this, she grew to be an excellent Bible teacher.
4. She was a fruitful disciple maker -- At NU, God raised P. Kevin Albright; At UIC, God raised P. Steve Stasinos; At Columbus, God raised Jeff Gathergood.
Through one-to-one Bible studies with Pauline, God also raised Little Sarah and Esther Kim (Toronto) as fruitful Bible teachers. In that sense, Pauline was very successful in raising girl students as disciples as well.
5. Pauline was a wonderful wife to me, a wonderful mother to our two daughters and a wonderful grandmother to Joshua, Jenna and Liam.
Our marriage had some ups and downs. Once I told her that I was born again and again because of her. To my surprise, she answered, “Me too.” Then I said, “Well, overall, I think it was a happy and fruitful one.” Then she said, “Me too.”
She was my message trainer. Every Saturday she would ask me, “Do you have one clear point?” Then I answered her, “My point is Jesus.” Then she would say, “You should be more specific. You need to pray more until one clear point arises like a morning star in your heart.”
6. She entered into eternal rest at the age of 71. On February 2022, She was found to have a stage 4 colon cancer and has been battling against it. On May 25, 2025, she died peacefully on her bed, falling asleep. At the end of her life, she used to say, “I need rest.” At the time of her death, I was sorry but felt that her soul was soaring high to the glorious kingdom of God through her faith in our Lord Jesus Christ. Now she is free from all kinds of pain and has eternal rest. She may be climbing the mountain of God every day, shouting, “Yeah Huh, Hallelujah.”
7. Pauline, I will see you up there. Let us climb the mountain of God and praise God together.

Thursday, May 29, 2025

7 Wonders of old days vs 7 of nowadays






What are the seven wonders? Are the Ishtar Gate and Hanging Gardens counted in 7?

Great question! The "Seven Wonders of the Ancient World" is a classical list of remarkable constructions known to Greek travelers and historians during the Hellenistic period. The Ishtar Gate is not included in the original list, but the Hanging Gardens of Babylon are—though their actual existence remains debated.

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🌍 The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

# Wonder Location Status

1 Great Pyramid of Giza Egypt ✅ Only one still standing
2 Hanging Gardens of Babylon Babylon (Iraq) ❓ Disputed / No archaeological proof
3 Statue of Zeus at Olympia Greece ❌ Destroyed
4 Temple of Artemis at Ephesus Turkey ❌ Destroyed
5 Mausoleum at Halicarnassus Turkey ❌ Ruins only
6 Colossus of Rhodes Greece ❌ Destroyed
7 Lighthouse of Alexandria (Pharos) Egypt ❌ Destroyed (earthquakes)


❌ Ishtar Gate: Not One of the Seven

The Ishtar Gate, though impressive and real, is not part of the classical Seven Wonders. It was constructed by Nebuchadnezzar II around 575 BC and is famous for its dazzling blue-glazed bricks and depictions of lions, bulls, and dragons. It’s one of the greatest surviving artifacts of ancient Babylon and can be seen partially reconstructed at the Pergamon Museum in Berlin.

It’s often considered a "wonder" in a broader cultural sense, and would certainly rank among the top monuments of the ancient Near East, but not in the original Greek-compiled list.

✅ Summary

Included in Seven Wonders? Monument

✅ Yes Hanging Gardens
❌ No Ishtar Gate


Tell me more about 4-7. 

Certainly! Here's a closer look at wonders #4 to #7 from the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, focusing on their design, purpose, and fate.

4. Temple of Artemis at Ephesus

📍 Location: Ephesus (modern-day Turkey)
🏛️ Built: Originally in the 6th century BC, rebuilt in the 4th century BC
🔨 Purpose: Honoring Artemis, the Greek goddess of the hunt and fertility

🌟 Highlights:

One of the largest temples in the ancient world

Featured 127 Ionic columns, each about 60 feet (18 m) high

Filled with statues, sculptures, and fine artwork

Rebuilt multiple times due to floods and fires


🔥 Fate:

Destroyed by arson in 356 BC (by a man named Herostratus seeking fame)

Rebuilt, but later destroyed again by the Goths in 262 AD

Little remains today except foundations and scattered columns



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5. Mausoleum at Halicarnassus

📍 Location: Halicarnassus (modern-day Bodrum, Turkey)
🕊️ Built: Circa 350 BC
🔨 Purpose: A tomb for Mausolus, a Persian satrap (governor), and his wife Artemisia

🌟 Highlights:

Stood about 45 meters (148 feet) high

Decorated with statues and friezes by top Greek sculptors

Blended Greek, Egyptian, and Lycian architectural styles

The term “mausoleum” comes from this structure


💥 Fate:

Survived for centuries but gradually collapsed due to earthquakes (12th–15th centuries)

Stones were repurposed in local fortifications by the Knights of St. John

Today: Only ruins remain, though the site is still visitable



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6. Colossus of Rhodes

📍 Location: Rhodes Island, Greece
🗽 Built: Circa 292–280 BC
🔨 Purpose: Celebrated Rhodes' victory over a siege by Demetrius I of Macedon

🌟 Highlights:

A bronze statue of the sun god Helios, about 33 meters (108 feet) tall

Stood near the harbor—sometimes mythically depicted as straddling the entrance (but likely stood beside it)

Symbol of resilience and prosperity


💥 Fate:

Destroyed by an earthquake in 226 BC, only 54 years after it was built

Remained fallen for centuries; its bronze was eventually looted in the 7th century AD by Arab invaders



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7. Lighthouse of Alexandria (Pharos of Alexandria)

📍 Location: Island of Pharos, near Alexandria, Egypt
🔨 Built: 3rd century BC (completed around 280 BC)
Purpose: Guided sailors safely into Alexandria’s harbor

🌟 Highlights:

Estimated height: 100–130 meters (330–430 feet)

Built under Ptolemy II and designed by architect Sostratus of Cnidus

Featured polished bronze mirrors to reflect sunlight and firelight

May have used primitive lenses for focusing the light beam


💥 Fate:

Damaged by several earthquakes (956, 1303, 1323 AD)

Eventually collapsed and its ruins used to build the Citadel of Qaitbay

Inspired all modern lighthouses in name and form



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📚 Summary Table

Wonder Purpose Built Fate

Temple of Artemis Worship of Artemis ~550 BC Burned, ruined
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus Tomb for Mausolus ~350 BC Earthquakes, dismantled
Colossus of Rhodes Victory monument (Helios) ~280 BC Earthquake
Lighthouse of Alexandria Harbor navigation ~280 BC Earthquakes, collapsed


Alhambra Castle does not count?

Excellent question! The Alhambra in Granada, Spain, is not part of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, but it is a world-renowned architectural masterpiece, just part of a different tradition and era.


Let me explain:


🏰 What Is the Alhambra?


Name: Alhambra means "The Red One" (from Arabic: al-Ḥamrāʼ)


Location: Granada, Spain


Built by: The Nasrid dynasty (Muslim rulers of Granada)


Time period: 13th to 14th centuries AD (mainly 1238–1358)


Style: Islamic/Moorish architecture, with later Christian influences after the Reconquista


🌟 Why the Alhambra Is Special


1. Architectural Masterpiece:


Delicate arabesques, tile mosaics, stucco, calligraphy, and muqarnas domes


Elegant courtyards, such as the famous Court of the Lions


Intricate water features and gardens—symbolic of paradise in Islamic design


2. Cultural Synthesis:


Merges Islamic, Christian, and even earlier Roman influences


Became a Christian palace after the 1492 Reconquista


3. Historical Importance:

The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World were defined by Greek scholars around the 2nd–1st century BC and refer only to monuments of the classical Mediterranean and Near East world built before the Common Era.


The Alhambra, built nearly 1,800 years later, belongs to:


The Medieval period


And often appears in lists like the New 7 Wonders of the World or UNESCO World Heritage Sites



🏛️ Related "Wonder" Lists It Might Appear In:


✅ UNESCO World Heritage Site (1984)


🏆 Sometimes included in lists of Medieval Wonders


🗺️ Featured in tourism-focused "Wonders of the Islamic World"



📌 Summary


Feature Included in Ancient 7 Wonders? Why Not?


Alhambra ❌ No Built ~2,000 years too late

Still Important? ✅ Absolutely One of the greatest surviving Islamic palaces



Would you like a visual card comparing the Seven Ancient Wonders and New World Wonders, including the Alhambra’s place among them?

What are the new 7?

The New Seven Wonders of the World were selected through a global poll organized by the New7Wonders Foundation and finalized in 2007. Unlike the ancient list, which was Greek-centered and limited to the Mediterranean, the new list represents global heritage sites from various civilizations.


Here they are:


🌍 The New 7 Wonders of the World


(Announced July 7, 2007)


# Wonder Location Built


1 Great Wall of China 🇨🇳 China 7th century BC to 16th century AD

2 Petra 🇯🇴 Jordan ~312 BC (Nabataean kingdom)

3 Christ the Redeemer 🇧🇷 Brazil 1931 (Modern)

4 Machu Picchu 🇵🇪 Peru ~1450 AD (Inca Empire)

5 Chichen Itza 🇲🇽 Mexico ~600–1200 AD (Maya-Toltec)

6 Roman Colosseum 🇮🇹 Italy 80 AD (Roman Empire)

7 Taj Mahal 🇮🇳 India 1632–1653 (Mughal Empire)


🔹 Highlights of Each


1. Great Wall of China


Fortified wall spanning 13,000+ miles


Built to protect against invasions from the north


Symbol of China's imperial strength and endurance



2. Petra, Jordan


Rock-cut city carved into rose-red cliffs


Ancient capital of the Nabataeans


Famous for the “Treasury” (Al-Khazneh) facade



3. Christ the Redeemer, Brazil


30-meter-tall Art Deco statue of Jesus


Stands atop Mount Corcovado in Rio de Janeiro


Symbol of peace, Brazilian Christianity, and modern engineering



4. Machu Picchu, Peru


Incan citadel atop the Andes


Likely a royal estate or sacred site


Lost to history, rediscovered in 1911



5. Chichen Itza, Mexico


Ancient Mayan-Toltec city


Features the El Castillo pyramid (temple of Kukulkan)


Astronomically aligned architecture



6. Colosseum, Rome


Roman amphitheater holding 50,000+ spectators


Hosted gladiator fights, dramas, and public executions


Endures as a symbol of Roman engineering and culture



7. Taj Mahal, India


White marble mausoleum built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan


Memorial to his wife Mumtaz Mahal


Blends Persian, Islamic, and Indian architectural styles


📝 Notes


The Great Pyramid of Giza, the only surviving Ancient Wonder, was given honorary status alongside the new list.


The campaign aimed to celebrate global heritage and raise awareness for preservation.


Aren't there ultra-new 7 or 70 in the postmodern era?

Yes—there have been several newer, expanded, or alternative "Wonders" lists proposed in the postmodern era, especially with the rise of global tourism, digital media, and architectural innovation. While there isn’t an official list called the “Ultra New 7” or “Top 70 Wonders,” many modern lists recognize contemporary marvels, natural wonders, and even technological achievements.


Here’s a look at how these "ultra-modern" wonders are being recognized today:


🌐 Categories of Modern or Expanded Wonders


1. ✅ New7Wonders of Nature (2011)


A global poll selected natural sites as the wonders of the Earth.


Site Location


Amazon Rainforest South America

Halong Bay Vietnam

Iguazu Falls Brazil/Argentina

Jeju Island South Korea

Komodo Island Indonesia

Puerto Princesa Underground River Philippines

Table Mountain South Africa


2. 🏙️ Modern Architectural Wonders (Unofficial but widely admired)onder Location Notable For


Burj Khalifa Dubai, UAE Tallest building in the world

The Shard London, UK Tallest building in Western Europe

Taipei 101 Taiwan Icon of postmodern engineering

Gardens by the Bay Singapore Fusion of ecology and art

Palm Islands Dubai, UAE Artificial archipelago

Marina Bay Sands Singapore Gravity-defying rooftop design



3. 🧠 Technological or Engineering Wonders


Project Why it’s a wonder


Large Hadron Collider (CERN) World's largest particle accelerator

International Space Station (ISS) Orbiting laboratory and global cooperation

Panama Canal Expansion Mega maritime logistics

Three Gorges Dam (China) World's largest hydroelectric dam

Tesla Gigafactory EV and clean energy innovation hub


4. 🏞️ "Top 70 Places to See Before You Die"


Many travel outlets (like National Geographic, Lonely Planet, or CNN Travel) publish large lists—some including up to 70+ modern destinations, which might include:


Santorini, Greece


Antelope Canyon, USA


Banff National Park, Canada


Mount Fuji, Japan


Blue Lagoon, Iceland


Aurora Borealis, Arctic regions


Neuschwanstein Castle, Germany


Bhutan’s Tiger’s Nest Monastery



These aren't called "Wonders" in a formal sense, but they function like a curated global bucket list of awe-inspiring places.



🧾 Summary


List Type Focus Year


Ancient 7 Wonders Classical Mediterranean ~2nd c. BC

New 7 Wonders Global historical monuments 2007

New 7 Natural Wonders Global natural marvels 2011

Modern/Ultra Wonders Contemporary architecture & tech Ongoing

Bucket List “70+” Travel destinations , Various sources



Would you like a custom-made list of "Ultra 7 Wonders of the Postmodern Era" combining beauty, design, and impact?


 Yes.

Here is a custom-curated list of the Ultra 7 Wonders of the Postmodern Era, combining aesthetic brilliance, architectural innovation, and global significance—wonders that define our age in design, technology, and symbolism:



🌍 Ultra 7 Wonders of the Postmodern Era


1. Burj Khalifa – Dubai, UAE


🏗️ Wonder of Height & Design


Tallest building in the world at 828 meters (2,717 ft)


Icon of postmodern architecture and desert innovation


Represents global ambition and vertical city living

→ A symbol of human aspiration against natural limits


2. International Space Station (ISS) – Earth Orbit


🛰️ Wonder of Global Cooperation


Built by 15+ nations, housing astronauts since 2000


A marvel of space engineering and peaceful unity

→ A floating laboratory showing what nations can do together above the earth



3. Gardens by the Bay – Singapore


🌿 Wonder of Green Futurism


Merges botanical conservation, sustainable tech, and public beauty


Features "Supertrees" with solar power and vertical gardens

→ A futuristic Eden built for environmental stewardship


4. Millau Viaduct – France


🌉 Wonder of Elegant Engineering


Tallest bridge in the world, higher than the Eiffel Tower


A sublime balance of strength, grace, and geography

→ When infrastructure becomes art in the clouds


5. The Louvre Abu Dhabi – UAE


🖼️ Wonder of Cultural Fusion


Designed by Jean Nouvel, it combines Arab aesthetics with global curation


A floating dome of light and shade over a sea-museum

→ East meets West in art, ideas, and architecture


6. Tesla Gigafactory – Nevada, USA


🔋 Wonder of the Green Revolution


One of the largest buildings on Earth by footprint


Powers the electric vehicle and renewable battery movement

→ A temple of clean energy production and post-carbon hope


7. Panama Canal Expansion (Third Set of Locks) – Panama


🚢 Wonder of Maritime Mastery


Completed in 2016, doubling global trade capacity


Integrates advanced lock systems and water-saving basins

→ A feat of logistics reshaping how continents connect


🧾 Summary Table


Wonder Symbolizes Year Completed


Burj Khalifa : Aspiration & design 2010

ISS International cooperation 1998–2000+

Gardens by the Bay Sustainable beauty 2012

Millau Viaduct Graceful engineering 2004

Louvre Abu Dhabi Cultural unity 2017

Tesla Gigafactory Energy innovation 2016–present

Panama Canal Expansion Global flow & access 2016


Would you like this turned into a printable infographic card or poster for reference, teaching, or travel inspiration?

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